Kuboniswa i-laser ehlangene neqinile yesimo esiqinile esimaphakathi ne-infrared (MIR) eku-6.45 um enamandla okukhiphayo ayisilinganiso esiphakeme kanye nekhwalithi yebhimu eseduze ne-Gaussian. I-kHz ifinyelelwa kusetshenziswa i-ZnGeP2 (ZGP) i-optical parametric oscillator (OPO) 。Lawa amandla amaphakathi aphezulu ku-6.45 um wanoma iyiphi i-laser eqinile ngokolwazi lwethu.Isilinganiso sekhwalithi yesici sebhimu sikalwa ukuze sibe ngu-M2=1.19.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwamandla okukhipha okuphezulu kuyaqinisekiswa, ngokuguquguquka kwamandla okungaphansi kuka-1.35% rms ngaphezulu kwamahora ama-2, futhi i-laser ingasebenza kahle isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-500 isiyonke. Izicubu zobuchopho ziyahlolwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela womonakalo oyisibambiso uhlaziywa ngokombono okokuqala ngqa, ngokolwazi lwethu lonke, futhi imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi le laser ye-MIR inekhono elihle kakhulu lokukhipha umoya, okuyenza ibe khona indawo yama-electron lasers amahhala.©2022 Iqembu le-Optica Publishing

https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.446336

I-Mid-infrared (MIR) 6.45 um laser radiation inamandla okusebenza emithini yemithi enemba kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle bayo bezinga elikhulu lokukhipha umoya kanye nomonakalo omncane oyisibambiso 【1】.Ama-electron lasers amahhala (FELs), ama-laser omoya we-strontium, igesi Ama-laser e-Raman, nama-laser esifunda esiqinile asekelwe ku-optical paramet-ric oscillator (OPO) noma ukukhiqizwa komehluko (DFG) kuvame ukusetshenziswa imithombo ye-laser engu-6.45 um. Ama-laser we-Strontium vapor kanye nama-laser wegesi e-Raman angathola amabhendi aqondiwe, kodwa womabili awanakusimama kahle, ama-ser- amafushane.
izimpilo ezimbi, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ama-laser angu-6.45 um solid-state laser akhiqiza i-thermal dam-age range ezicutshini zebhayoloji nokuthi ukujula kwawo kokukhishwa kujule kunokwe-FEL ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, eziqinisekise ukuthi angakwazi. ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela esebenzayo yama-FEL yokukhishwa kwezicubu zebhayoloji 【2】.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalaser esifunda esiqinile anezinzuzo zesakhiwo esihlangene, ukuzinza okuhle, kanye

ukusebenza kwethebhulethi, okubenza babe ngamathuluzi athembisayo okuthola umthombo wokukhanya we-a6.45μn.Njengoba kwaziwa kahle, amakristalu e-infrared angenawo umugqa adlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuguqula imvamisa esetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-laser e-MIR asebenza kahle kakhulu. ilungele ukukhiqiza ama-laser we-MIR.Lawa makristalu ahlanganisa iningi lama-chalcogenides, njenge-AgGaS2 (AGS) 【3,41, LiInS2 (LIS) 【5,61, LilnSe2 (LISe) 【7】 】 】 】 】 】 】 BGS 】, kanye ne-BaGaSe(BGSe)【10-12】, kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-phosphorus i-CdSiP2 (CSP)【13-16】 kanye ne-ZnGeP2 (ZGP)【17】; lezi ezimbili zakamuva zinezixhumanisi ezinkulu ezixhumene kahle. isibonelo, imisebe ye-MIR ingatholwa kusetshenziswa ama-CSP-OPO.Nokho, ama-CSP-OPO amaningi asebenza kusikali sesikhathi esifushane (i-pico-ne-femtosecond) futhi ampontshwa ngokuhambisanayo cishe ngama-lases akhiyiwe wemodi engu-1 um. Ngeshwa, lawa ma-OPO ampontshwa ngokulinganayo. Amasistimu e-SPOPO) anokusetha okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayabiza.Amandla awo amaphakathi nawo angaphansi kuka-100 mW cishe ku-6.45 um【13-16】.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CSP crystal, i-ZGP inomonakalo we-laser ophezulugcina (60 MW/cm2) , i-thermal conductiv-ity ephezulu (0.36 W/cm K), kanye ne-coefficient engaqhathanisi engaqondile (75pm/V) ukusetshenziswa kwamandla 【18-221.Isibonelo, indawo eyisicaba esiyicaba i-ZGP-OPO enobubanzi bokushuna obungu-3.8-12.4 um obumpontshwa nge-laser engu-2.93 um yaboniswa.Amandla aphezulu okushaya okukodwa kokukhanya kokungenzi lutho ku-6.6 um 1.2 mJ 【201.Ngobude obuthile obungu-6.45 um, i-maxi-mum single-pulse energy engu-5.67 mJ kwimvamisa yokuphindaphinda engu-100 Hz yafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa indandatho ye-OPO engahleliwe esekelwe kukristalu le-ZGP.Ngokuphindaphinda imvamisa engu-200Hz,isilinganiso samandla okukhiphayo angu-0.95 W sifinyelelwe 【221.Ngokwazi kwethu, lawa amandla aphumayo aphezulu afinyelelwe ku-6.45 um.Ucwaningo olukhona luphakamisa ukuthi amandla amaphakathi aphezulu ayadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izicubu ngempumelelo 【23】.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa komthombo we-laser onamandla angu-6.45 um kungaba ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni komuthi webhayoloji.Kule ncwadi, sibika i-laser elula ye-MIR 6.45 um laser elula, ecwebile yonke eqinile enamandla okukhiphayo ayisilinganiso esiphakeme futhi esekelwe ku-ZGP-OPO empontshwa yi-nanosecond (ns)-pulse 2.09 um

I-laser.Isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla okukhiphayo we-laser engu-6.45 um afinyelela ku-1.53 ​​W anobubanzi be-pulse cishe obungama-42ns imvamisa yokuphindaphinda engu-10 kHz, futhi inekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yebhilo. kuyaphenywa.Lo msebenzi ubonisa ukuthi i-laser iyindlela esebenzayo yokukhipha izicubu zangempela, njengoba isebenza njenge-laser scalpel.Ukusethwa kokuhlola kudwetshwe ku-Fig.1.I-ZGP-OPO impontshwa ilaser eyenziwe ekhaya eyi-LD-pumped 2.09 um Ho:YAG eletha u-28 W wamandla amaphakathi ku-10 kHz. I-FWHM) kanye nesilinganiso sekhwalithi ye-M2 yekhwalithi ye-beam cishe engu-1.7.MI ne-M2 yizibuko ezimbili ezingu-45 ezine-coating ecwebezelayo ku-2.09 um.Lezi zibuko zinika amandla ukulawula inkomba ye-pump. ,f2=100 mm) zisetshenziselwa ukungqubuzana kohlaka olunobubanzi begxolo obungaba ngu-3.5 mm kukristalu le-ZGP.Isihlukanisi esibonakalayo (ISO) sisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela insimbi yephampu ukuthi ibuyele kumthombo wepompo ongu-2.09 um.Ipuleti le-half-wave (i-HWP) ku-2.09 um isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwesibani sephampu. I-M3 ne-M4 yizibuko ze-OPO, ezine-CaF2 eyisicaba esetshenziswa njenge-substrate impahla. i-beam ne-high-reflection coated (98%) ku-6.45 um idler kanye namagagasi esignali angu-3.09 um. Isibuko esiphuma ngaphandle i-M4 sibonakalisa kakhulu (98%)um kanye no-3.09 um futhi ivumela ukudluliswa kwengxenye ye-6.45 um idler.Ikristalu ye-ZGP isikwe ku-6-77.6°andp=45° ohlotsheni-JⅡ lokumatanisa kwesigaba 【2090.0 (o)6450.0 (o)+3091.9 (e)】, efaneleka kakhudlwana i-avelength ye-aveli ye-narrowing kanye ne-aveli ye-aveli ububanzi bomugqa uma kuqhathaniswa nokufanisa isigaba se-Type-I. Ubukhulu bekristalu ye-ZGP buyi-5mm x 6 mm x 25 mm, futhi ipholishiwe futhi i-anti-reflection imbozwe kuzo zombili izingxenye zokuphela kwamagagasi amathathu angenhla. Igoqwe nge-indium foil futhi ilungiswe kusinki yokushisa yethusi epholisa amanzi (T=16)).Ubude bembobo bungu-27 mm. Isikhathi sokuya nokubuya se-OPO ngu-0.537 ns we-laser yepompo.Sihlole umkhawulo womonakalo wekristalu ye-ZGP nge-R -on-I indlela 【17】.Umkhawulo womonakalo wekristalu ye-ZGP ukalwe waba ngu-0.11 J/cm2 ku-10 kHz. ocwaningweni, oluhambisana nokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu okungu-1.4 MW/cm2, okuphansi ngenxa izinga lokumboza elimpofu.Amandla okukhiphayo okukhanya okungenzi lutho okukhiqiziwe akalwa imitha yamandla (D,OPHIR,1 uW ukuya ku-3 W), futhi ubude beza beza bokukhanya kwesignali buqashwe nge-spectrometer (APE,1.5-6.3 m). thola amandla aphezulu okukhipha angu-6.45 um, sithuthukisa ukuklama kwemingcele ye-OPO. Ukulingiswa kwezinombolo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kumbono wokuxuba wamaza amathathu kanye ne-paraxial propagation cquations 【24,25】; ekufanisweni, thina sebenzisa amapharamitha ahambisana nezimo zokuhlola bese uthatha ukushaya kwe-pulse ngephrofayela ye-Gaussian esikhaleni kanye nesikhathi.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesibuko esiphumayo se-OPO

ukudlulisa, ukuqina kwamandla wepompo, nokusebenza kahle kokukhiphayo kuthuthukiswa ngokulawula ukuminyana kwephampu emgodini ukuze kuzuzwe amandla okukhipha aphezulu kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kugwenywa ukulimala kwekristalu ye-ZGP nezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngakho, amandla epompo aphakeme kakhulu alinganiselwe ukuthi abe cishe ama-20 W ngokusebenza kwe-ZGP-OPO.Imiphumela efanisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi ngenkathi kusetshenziswa i-coupler ephuma phambili ene-transmittance engu-50%, ubuningi bamandla aphezulu obuphezulu bungu-2.6 x 10 W/cm2 kuphela ku-ZGP crys-tal, kanye namandla okukhiphayo amaphakathi. angaphezu kuka-1.5 W angatholakala.Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okukhiphayo alinganisiwe womuntu ovilaphayo ku-6.45 um kanye namandla epompo yesigameko.Kungabonakala ku-Fig.2 ukuthi amandla okukhiphayo ovila akhuphuka ngokulinganayo amandla epompo yesigameko.Umkhawulo wephampu uhambisana namandla epompo ayisilinganiso esingu-3.55WA esiphezulu samandla aphumayo angenzi lutho angu-1.53 ​​W afinyelelwa ngamandla epompo acishe abe ngu-18.7 W, ahambisana nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-optical-to-optical of cishe u-8.20%% kanye ne-quantum conversion cfliciency engu-25.31%.Ngokuphepha kwesikhathi eside, i-laser isetshenziswa cishe ku-70% wamandla ayo aphezulu aphumayo. Ukuzinza kwamandla kukalwa ngamandla okukhiphayo e-IW, njengoba kuboniswe kusifaki (a) ku-Fig.2.Kutholakala ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwamandla okulinganisiwe kungaphansi kuka-1.35% rms ku-2 h, nokuthi i-laser ingasebenza kahle ngaphezu kwamahora angu-500 isiyonke.Ubude begagasi begagasi lesiginali. kukalwa esikhundleni salowo ongenzi lutho ngenxa yobubanzi obulinganiselwe be-wavelength be-spectrometer (APE, 1.5-6.3 um) esetshenziswe esivivinyweni sethu.Ubude besiginali obulinganisiwe bugxile ku-3.09 um futhi ububanzi bomugqa bucishe bube ngu-0.3 nm, njengoba kubonisiwe ku-inset (b) ye-Fig.2.Ubude begagasi obumaphakathi bomuntu ongenzi lutho bube sekuthathwa ngokuthi bungu-6.45um. Ububanzi be-pulse bomuntu ongenzi lutho butholwa i-photodetector (i-Thorlabs, PDAVJ10) futhi kurekhodwa i-oscilloscope yedijithali (2GHz Tcktronix， ）。I-waveform ye-oscilloscope evamile iboniswa ku-Fig.3 futhi ibonisa ububanzi be-pulse cishe obungama-ns angu-42. Ububanzi be-pulseinciphe ngo-41.18% ku-6.45 um idler uma kuqhathaniswa ne-2.09 um pump pulse ngenxa yokuzuza kwesikhashana komphumela wenqubo yokuguqulwa kwefrikhwensi engaqondile. Njengomphumela, amandla ahambisanayo e-Idler pulse peak angu-3.56kW.Isici sekhwalithi ye-beam 6.45 um idler ikalwa nge-laser beam

i-analyzer (i-Spiricon, i-M2-200-PIII) ku-1 W wamandla okukhiphayo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig.4.Amanani akalwayo we-M2 ne-M, 2 angu-1.32 kanye no-1.06 ku-eksisi engu-x kanye ne-eksisi ethi y, ngokulandelanayo, ehambisana isilinganiso sekhwalithi yesici se-M2=1.19.I-insct ye-Fig.4 ibonisa iphrofayili yokuqina kwebhimu enezinhlangothi ezimbili (2D), enemodi yendawo eseduze ne-Gaussian. ukuhlolwa kobufakazi besimiso okubandakanya ukukhishwa nge-laser kobuchopho bengulube kuyenziwa.I-lens ye-f=50 isetshenziswa ukuze kugxiliswe i-6.45 um pulse beam ukuya endaweni engaba ngu-0.75 mm. ibekwe lapho kugxilwe khona i-laser beam. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu (T) lethishu yebhayoloji njengomsebenzi wendawo ye-radial r likalwa nge-thermocamera (FLIR A615) ngokuvumelanisa phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha umoya. Ubude bemisebe bungu-1 ,2,4,6,10, kanye ne-20 s kumandla we-laser we-I W.Ngobude besikhathi sokukhanya ngakunye, izindawo zamasampula eziyisithupha zivaliwe:r=0,0.62,0.703,1.91,3.05, kanye no-4.14 mm eduze kwendlela ye-radial maqondana nendawo emaphakathi yendawo yokukhipha imisebe, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig.5.Izikwele ziyidatha yokushisa elinganisiwe.Itholakala ku-Fig.5 ukuthi izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu endaweni yokukhipha umoya esicutshini iyanda ngobude besikhathi sokushiswa kwemisebe.Amazinga okushisa aphezulu T endaweni emaphakathi r=0 ngu-132.39,160.32,196.34;

205.57,206.95, kanye no-226.05C ngezikhathi zokunisela okungu-1,2,4,6,10, kanye namasekhondi angama-20, ngokulandelana. i-thermal conduction theory ye-biological tissue126】 kanye nethiyori yokusabalalisa nge-laser esicutshini sebhayoloji 【27】ihlanganiswe nemingcele yokubona yobuchopho bengulube 1281.
Ukulingisa kwenziwa ngokucatshangwa kwe-Gaussian beam yokufaka. Njengoba izicubu zebhayoloji ezisetshenziswa ku-exper-iment ziyizicubu zobuchopho zengulube, umthelela wegazi ne-metabolism kuzinga lokushisa azinakwa, futhi izicubu zobuchopho bengulube zenziwa lula zibe lula. umumo wesilinda se-simula-tion.Amapharamitha asetshenziswe ekufanisweni afingqiwe kuThebula 1.Amajika aqinile aboniswe ku-Fig.5 izilinganiso zokushisa ze-radial ezifanisiwe ngokuphathelene nesikhungo sokukhipha umoya endaweni yethishu ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebe eyisithupha ehlukene. ubude.Babonisa iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa le-Gaussian kusukela phakathi nendawo kuya kumngcele.Kusobala kusukela ku-Fig.5 ukuthi idatha yokuhlola ihlangana kahle nemiphumela elingisiwe.Kubonakala futhi ku-Fig.5 ukuthi izinga lokushisa elilingisiwe maphakathi nendawo ukukhuphuka kwe-ablation kuyanda njengoba ubude be-irradia-tion bukhuphuka ekushiseni ngakunye. Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lubonise ukuthi amaseli kusicubu aphephe ngokuphelele emazingeni okushisa angezansi.55C, okusho ukuthi amaseli ahlala esebenza ezindaweni eziluhlaza (T<55C) wamajika ku-Fig.5.Indawo ephuzi yejika ngalinye (55C)60C）。Kungabonwa ku-Fig.5 ukuthi i-ablation radii elingisisiwe ku-T=60°Care0.774,0.873,0.993,1.071,1.198 kanye no-1.364 mm, ngokulandelana, ngezikhathi zokukhipha imisebe engu-1,2,4,6, 10, kanye nama-20s, kuyilapho okulingisiwe kwe-ablation radii atT=55C kungu-0.805,0.908,1.037,1.134,1.271 mm, kanye no-1.456 mm, ngokulandelana. Ngemva kokuhlaziya umphumela wokukhipha amandla, i-arca enamaseli afile 82 itholakala ukuthi ibe namaseli afile. 2.394,3.098,3.604,4.509, kanye no-5.845 mm2 we-1,2,4,6,10, kanye ne-20s yokukhanya, ngokulandelanayo.Indawo enesibambiso somonakalo itholakala ingu-0.003,0.0040.006,0.013,013, kanye no-0.027 mm2.Kungabonakala ukuthi izindawo zokukhipha i-laser kanye nezindawo zomonakalo ezibambisene ziyakhula ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemisebe.Sichaza isilinganiso somonakalo esibambisene ukuze sibe isilinganiso sendawo yomonakalo wesibambiso ku-55C s T60C.Isilinganiso somonakalo esibambiso siyatholakala ukuze kube ngu-8.17%, 8.18%, 9.06%, 12.11%, 12.56%, kanye no-13.94% ezikhathini ezihlukene zokushiswa kwemisebe, okusho ukuthi umonakalo oyisibambiso wezicubu ezisusiwe mncane.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okupheleleIdatha kanye nemiphumela yokulingisa ibonisa ukuthi le laser ehlangene, enamandla amakhulu, eqinile yonke 6.45 um ZGP-OPO ihlinzeka ngokukhululeka okusebenzayo kwezicubu zebhayoloji. I-MIR ishaye u-6.45 um umthombo we-laser ngokusekelwe endleleni ye-ns ZGP-OPO.Amandla esilinganiso esiphezulu angu-1.53 ​​W atholwe ngamandla aphakeme angu-3.65kW kanye nesilinganiso sekhwalithi yezinga le-M2=1.19. Ngokusebenzisa le misebe engu-6.45 um MIR, a ukuhlolwa kobufakazi besimiso ekukhishweni kwezicubu kwezicubu nge-laser. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yethishu echithiwe kuye kwalinganiswa ngokuhlolwa futhi kwalinganiswa ngendlela ecatshangelwayo. Idatha elinganisiwe ivumelana kahle nemiphumela efanisiwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo oyisibambiso wahlaziywa ngokombono. ngokokuqala ngqa.Le miphumela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-tabletop yethu ye-MIR pulse laser engu-6.45 um inikeza ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kwe-biological tissucs futhi inamandla amakhulu okuba ithuluzi elingokoqobo kusayensi yezokwelapha nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, njengoba ingangena esikhundleni se-FEL enkulu njengei-laser scalpel.